![]() He demonstrates some of his work to notable figures such as the Grand-Duke Cosimo of Tuscany when the Grand Duke visits Swammerdam's father's house on the Oude Schans in Amsterdam. Boerhaave publishes Swammerdam's 'Book of Nature' in the 1730s.It is translated into English in 1758.ġ668 Swammerdam refines his experiments on muscle contraction and nerve conduction. However, he writes many letters and his friend, Nicolaus Steno, attacks Cartesian ideas in a lecture in Paris in 1665. Swammerdam's ideas are not widely known and his work is not published until after his death. This proves that movement of a muscle can occur without any connection to the brain.Therefore the transmission of 'animal spirits' is not necessary. ![]() When the brain is removed all movement stops (which could be in keeping with Descarte's theory) but then, when the frog is dissected and a severed nerve end stimulated with a scalpel, the muscles twitch. Jan Swammerdam, a Dutchman, disproves Descartes' mechanistic theory of animal motion by removing the heart of a living frog and showing that the frog is still able to swim. William Harvey developed similar ideas but they were never published. He has worked on his ideas in the 1630s but did not publish because of the persecution of other radical thinkers such as Galileo. The work of Rene Descartes, French Philosopher, is published (posthumously) and explains human movement in terms of a complex mechanical interaction of threads, pores, passages and 'animal spirits'. Otto Von Guericke builds the first static electricity generator.ġ662. (He is also the first to use the word 'computer' - referring to people who compute calendars.)ġ660. Browne calls the attractive force "Electricity, that is, a power to attract strawes or light bodies, and convert the needle freely placed". Sir Thomas Browne, Physician, while writing to dispel popular ignorance in many subjects, is the first to use the word 'electricity'. He sees his ideas as part of a philosophy to replace forever the prevailing Aristotlean view of matter. Gilbert adds other examples such as sulphur and describes what will later be known as 'static electricity' to distinguish it from the more noble magnetic force. It has been known from ancient times that amber when rubbed could lift light materials. He derives the word from the Greek for amber (electra). William Gilbert, Physician to Queen Elizabeth I, President of the Royal College of Physicians and creator of the 'magnetic philosophy', introduces the term 'electrica' for objects (insulators) that hold static electricity. ![]() To illustrate the performance, a simple test-setup has been developed and the first results are presented here (some of which have been previously presented on the Poster 2008 ).1600. This method allows simultaneous monitoring of heart and lung activity, and has the potential of an integrated application in a personal healthcare scenario. In contrast, this paper describes a method for non-contact monitoring of heart and lung activity, which is solely based on magnetic induction. With the equipment that is used, side effects like skin irritation, difficult application or additional cabling may occur. State-of-the-art monitoring involves the use of electrodes or other contact based sensors (electrocardiogram (ECG), impedance cardiography (ICG), pulse oximetry or equivalent). In many clinical applications, the monitoring of heart and lung activity is of vital importance. Magnetic induction, non-contact, monitoring, heart, lung Abstract ![]()
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